american geosciences institute
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Global Energy Demand

A community needs to decide how to meet its growing energy needs. Leaders can build more coal-fired power plants, which provide electricity but create pollution, or invest in renewable energy like wind and solar. Renewable energy sources cost a lot at first but may be able to protect human health and the environment

Which aspect(s) of this scenario are you most concerned about?

Answer Choice Points SDG Connection Description
Affordable energy access for everyone. 2 SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, Target 7.1 Switching to renewable energies increases reliance on clean energy sources that will save people money over time.
1 SDG 1: No poverty, Target 1.4 Local ownership of energy services keeps the community’s money in the local economy.
1 SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth, Target 8.5 Promote local interest in employment in emerging sectors.
1 SDG 10: Reduced inequalities, Target 10.2 The community won’t have to rely on outside energy sources and can control how their energy services are managed.

Renewable energy creating new jobs. 2 SDG 8: Decent work and economic growth, Target 8.6 More jobs in the energy sector could employ locals, but also attract talent from other areas, contributing to regional growth.
1 SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, Target 7.a Workers are trained on energy innovations.
1 SDG 9: Industry, innovation, and infrastructure, Target 9.5 Workers are needed to build, maintain, and run the new energy infrastructure.

Cleaner energy reducing air pollution and illness. 2 SDG 3: Good health and well-being, Target 3.9 Pollution can lead to illness and mortality.
1 SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, Target 7.2 Renewable energies are cleaner.
1 SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities, Target 11.6 Less air pollution means fewer adverse environmental effects from energy use.
1 SDG 13: Climate action, Target 13.3 Reduced carbon emissions mitigate climate change.

Coal burning increasing climate change risks. 2 SDG 13: Climate action, Target 13.2 Integrate climate measures into national policies.
1 SDG 3: Good health and well-being, Target 3.9 Coal burning releases harmful contaminants, impacting health.
1 SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, Target 7.2 Renewable energies have fewer emissions.
1 SDG 15: Life on land, Target 15.1 Carbon emissions affect climate and weather systems.

Wasteful energy consumption instead of efficient use. 2 SDG 12: Responsible consumption and production, Target 12.2 The rate at which fossil fuels have been used is not sustainable in the long-term.
1 SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, Target 7.3 Many renewable energy sources require critical minerals to produce their infrastructure.
1 SDG 13: Climate action, Target 13.3 Many renewable energy sources are less efficient than fossil fuels, but their benefit lies in reduced emissions.

Renewable energy projects can take up land needed for farms or natural areas. 2 SDG 2: Zero hunger, Target 2.3 Increased farm productivity reduces the need for land use.
1 SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy, Target 7.2 Land use should balance energy and agricultural needs.
1 SDG 9: Industry, innovation, and infrastructure, Target 9.3 Communities can consider whether to build large-scale energy infrastructure, or have individuals install their own on a small scale.
1 SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities, Target 11.3 Technologies have been developed that allow for multiple land uses, such as farming plots between wind/solar units.
1 SDG 15: Life on land, Target 15.1 Clearing areas for energy infrastructure has consequences.